In recent years, three large populations ofCyperus flavescenswere found in Poland,the richest occurrence of this species in over 30 years. The goal of this research isto determine the habitat factors lead to the mass occurrence ofC. flavescensand thepresent situation of that species and its habitat in Central Europe. Soil conditions of thethree populations were studied. To determine the correlation between the occurrenceand abundance of species and the chemical parameters of the soil, the DCA and CCAmethods were used. The DCA of environmental Ellenberg values was made for all relevésknown from Poland. The occurrence ofC. flavescensin plant communities in CentralEurope was studied. The maximum entropy method was used for potential distributionanalysis ofC. flavescens. All analyzed traits are important for this species and none hasan advantage over another, so the environmental factor affecting the occurrence ofC.flavescensis different from the tested. Analysis on Ellenberg values indicate that thelongest gradients are temperature, moisture and nutrients. The analysis of vegetationdata involvingCyperus flavescensavailable from Central Europe indicates that thisspecies occurs mainly in the company ofJuncus bufoniusandPlantago intermedia,whereas other species of the Isoëto-Nanojuncetea class appear rarely. In MaxEntanalysis based on bioclimatic variables, the most important variable is BIO1 (AnnualMean Temperature). The results of our observation indicate that anthropogenic factorssuch as grazing livestock have a positive effect on the occurrence of the species. It is alsovery likely that the species is promoted by very warm summers with only short periodsof heavy rains. A map of the potential distribution ofC. flavescensin Central Europecreated according historical and future data show an extension of the range of potentialhabitats to the north and east.